Operators in Java

Operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values in Java. They are categorized based on their functionality.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical operations.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	`a + b`
-	Subtraction	`a - b`
*	Multiplication	`a * b`
/	Division	`a / b`
%	Modulus	`a % b`


public class ArithmeticOperators {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
        System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));
        System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));
        System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));
        System.out.println("Modulus: " + (a % b));
    }
}

2. Relational Operators

Used to compare values.

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	`a == b`
!=	Not equal to	`a != b`
>	Greater than	`a > b`
<	Less than	`a < b`
>=	Greater than or equal to	`a >= b`
<=	Less than or equal to	`a <= b`


public class RelationalOperators {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        System.out.println("Equal to: " + (a == b));
        System.out.println("Not equal to: " + (a != b));
        System.out.println("Greater than: " + (a > b));
        System.out.println("Less than: " + (a < b));
        System.out.println("Greater than or equal to: " + (a >= b));
        System.out.println("Less than or equal to: " + (a <= b));
    }
}

3. Logical Operators

Used to perform logical operations.

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	`a > b && a > 0`
\|\|	Logical OR	`a > b \|\| b > 0`
!	Logical NOT	`!(a > b)`


public class LogicalOperators {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        System.out.println("Logical AND: " + (a > b && a > 0));
        System.out.println("Logical OR: " + (a > b || b > 0));
        System.out.println("Logical NOT: " + !(a > b));
    }
}

4. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment	`int a = 10;`
+=	Add and assign	`a += 5; // Equivalent to a = a + 5;`
-=	Subtract and assign	`a -= 3; // Equivalent to a = a - 3;`
*=	Multiply and assign	`a = 2; // Equivalent to a = a 2;`
/=	Divide and assign	`a /= 2; // Equivalent to a = a / 2;`
%=	Modulus and assign	`a %= 3; // Equivalent to a = a % 3;`


public class AssignmentOperators {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        a += b; // a = a + b
        System.out.println("Add and assign: " + a);
        a -= b; // a = a - b
        System.out.println("Subtract and assign: " + a);
        a *= b; // a = a * b
        System.out.println("Multiply and assign: " + a);
    }
}

5. Increment and Decrement Operators

These operators are used to increase or decrease a variable by 1.

Operator	Description	Example
++	Increment	`a++ or ++a`
--	Decrement	`a-- or --a`


  public class IncrementDecrementExample {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          int a = 10;
          System.out.println("Post-Increment: " + (a++));
          System.out.println("After Post-Increment: " + a);
          System.out.println("Pre-Increment: " + (++a));
          System.out.println("Post-Decrement: " + (a--));
          System.out.println("After Post-Decrement: " + a);
          System.out.println("Pre-Decrement: " + (--a));
      }
  }

6. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform operations on individual bits.

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	`a & b`
\|	Bitwise OR	`a \| b`
^	Bitwise XOR	`a ^ b`
~	Bitwise Complement	`~a`
<<	Left Shift	`a << 2`
>>	Right Shift	`a >> 2`


public class BitwiseExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 5, b = 3;
        System.out.println("Bitwise AND: " + (a & b));
        System.out.println("Bitwise OR: " + (a | b));
        System.out.println("Bitwise XOR: " + (a ^ b));
        System.out.println("Bitwise Complement: " + (~a));
        System.out.println("Left Shift: " + (a << 1));
        System.out.println("Right Shift: " + (a >> 1));
    }
}

7. Ternary Operator

The ternary operator is a shorthand for the if-else statement.

Operator	Description	Example
? :	Shorthand for if-else	`(condition) ? value_if_true : value_if_false`


public class TernaryExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 20;
        String result = (a > b) ? "a is greater" : "b is greater";
        System.out.println("Ternary Operator Result: " + result);
    }
}